Chapter II, section 1: the history of the Chinese football revisited _ baixiang

Chapter 2: how to understand the Chinese football 2.1 history? Chinese soccer history 15 further understanding of the although China is the home of football, but modern football for China, belongs to the native import. Historically, Chinese football in Asia with a higher level. In the 20 to 30 years, the East Asian Games, China Team has won 9 times champion. In the wars of the 90s, football is far away from the Chinese public project. Although it once happened before the national team to participate in the Olympic Games in Helsinki, but due to the late did not play on the game experience, but from the perspective of the Chinese League football has had two major disruption. Once at the beginning of the 1930s to the liberation, the second is the cultural revolution period. From the experience of p.r., China's soccer has experienced a brief revival of the 1950s, and back into the Valley, to also not reach in Asia and the world first-class level. From the football itself, regardless of the peak or off-peak period, China's football has been a movement in succession. However, the League as the main form of tournament disruption and and isolated from the world of football system, resulting in the closure of the Chinese football and backward. Especially in the ideas and concepts and to the understanding of football. The return of the AFC in 1974, 1979, return to international football family, Chinese football has a new start, but this started more as a challenge to embody. 1981 World Cup qualifiers, in commemoration of the great hope to enter Spain World Cup 1982. Brothers join forces in Western Asia, the Chinese team is to do away with New Zealand for play-off, competing for the World Cup finals. In the face of high Martha sturdy man of New Zealand kick method to technology whose team at a disadvantage, crushed, lost the World Cup finals. This is a Chinese football's first attack, in China there is a heavy body or to the technical and tactical debate. Defeated New Zealand experience, make the body of the leader to occupy the upper hand, but also to the Chinese football began the first swing. From this point of view, this time against just let China lost its official debut on the international stage, the Chinese soccer loses a rise of opportunity. From the historical point of view, the development of the Chinese football and our modern contemporary economic and social development is synchronous. 20 to 30 years in the far East was Chinese soccer team success, China's economic development has come a long way, known as the "golden decade." The subsequent disruption, but also because of the war, the forfeit the four, the whole country into distress. After the founding of PRC, Chinese football also has been reorganized. 56 years established Soccer League started working Office, to learning Hungary, China football has recovery situation. In those days, even hired a national team of Hungary were Joseph as head coach. Year weisi as a member of the study in Hungary, Hungary: and, from the beginning the game lost 7, 8-ball to only 2, 3 ball, team progress is very significant. Former Olympic champion in Hungary, however, an international soccer Rovers. After that, since the question of Taiwan, China football out of the FIFA, entered a State of seclusion. Enter in the cultural revolution, chaos, and only the Chinese football and held a friendly match African brothers to make ends meet. This friendly, of course, is the first "friendship, match the second", often let the ball off the ball, even the political sphere, so that African brothers happy. China football is fragmented, dying. In 1979, is China's reform and opening-up of the second year, the Chinese soccer in this years back to FIFA, is very symbolic. The difference is that China's return to international football soccer, is itself a time open. China football accidentally pick up your mood. This opening, the Chinese soccer faces new platform. However, this kind of opening that for Chinese football, passive and in ideology, theory, institutions and mechanisms not ready for. Impact on the World Cup defeat, in the face of international soccer has big situation, the Chinese soccer somewhat at a loss. How to develop the Chinese football? how to better integrate into the international football family? no one clear thinking. Just dead football veteran Mark Caine in his writings the sandwich biscuits, once: 85 years they went to a few personal professional League of European research, come back later to write the report. The report was submitted, the leading professional League for his "thing" is capitalism. Thus, the occupation of reform also no inoculation is aborted, the reform of the Chinese football has lost the first opportunity. This is a drag-and-10 years, until 1994, before the formal launch of China's Professional Football League. The beginning of the Professional League, the situation of the Chinese football is like China's economic development. Guangdong, this leads reform of first place, football is also thriving Bo, Koon. Most sights, Guangdong had four of A team. In football, "Nam sent North school". Guangdong Province and Liaoning, support the entire Chinese football. Dalian, Qingdao, Yanbian, meixian, China's football became a special administrative region. However, due to the lack of reform ideology and theory, the Chinese soccer did not take this into Chinese sports representatives of reform and opening up, but more like that of township enterprises face the danger of their own. Perhaps, at the time of prosperity conceals a lot of things, the Chinese soccer has never established its own reform and reform of the position in the World Cup, Olympic Games impact loss, blow, in false ball black whistle of erosion, progressive damage the body, to marginalized. Guangdong decline of football, the brilliance of Liaoning soccer is no longer the "focus", and so on, are increasingly profound. In 2002, the Chinese Football Association decided to implement Chinese Super League, tried to market and professionalism to regulate the market, the new Chinese football. However, the Chinese soccer still has won, lost the hearts of the people, did not find their own path of development. It can be said that at present, China's football still in difficult times. This difficulty is caused? How? required remains temporarily resolved the issue. 16 throughout the history of the Chinese football, so we can roughly be divided into several stages: before, before the reform and opening up, after the reform and opening. For Chinese football, different stages with different characteristics, but also reflects the different characteristics of the times. Before the founding of the Chinese football, is dispersed, with obvious grassroots nature. At that time, the economic and social development level is not high, football's popularity is very low. However, the demand for football. This almost and origins of modern football, in the United Kingdom in the early stages of development of football, the United Kingdom's economy is not a special developed. Is able to produce a modern football, is a modern, industrial workers and mature community. China too, late Qing dynasty to the glory of the Decade, the development of capitalism has produced a number of industrial workers, warlords training a group of modern military, and formed a new social forms, creating a public class, such as football development human basis. Moreover, in countries from danger, football has also been given a revitalization of national spirit, against the sacred mission of external insults. In particular, civil-football, direct and foreign forces formed the confrontation, emerged in many heroic story. At the same time, at this time, the different political forces in the Organization of football teams participated in the international competition for the games of the far East and the far East games soccer competition, which achieved good results. Even sent a team to participate in the Olympic Games, just missed the session, will not be unveiled in the Olympics. China also has its own sports organizations, participated in the international sport organizations. This explains the Chinese football already has a certain openness, while this openness is civil, and was closely linked to the social background. At this stage, the Chinese soccer as an item that has the basic features of modern football, after infancy and preliminary stage of development, have certain characteristics. Reform and opening up in front of the Chinese football, assumed many political task. After the founding of PRC, our national sport ushered in the new development opportunities and encouragement to marshal was the first Sports Minister, visible, given our country for Chinese sports career the attention it deserves. However, due to the political struggle and the KMT did not end, our entire nation on the international political recognition has not yet been fully achieved, the old Chinese sports organizations in the international sports organizations are therefore in the position was not clearly involved, or even to national sovereignty, political issues, in this case, the football as one of the sports organization composed of, you must assume the task of safeguarding national sovereignty cannot be integrated into the world of sports organizations. Therefore, after the founding of the Chinese football, particularly the Chinese football after the cultural revolution, basic is the State of seclusion. Of course, in this period the Chinese football and brother of socialist countries also have many contacts. For example, in the 1950s, the Chinese soccer learning Hungary also hired Chinese soccer team's first foreign coach Hungary were Joseph. At this stage, the Chinese football is only a single Chinese sports, although some special influence, but from the institutions, mechanisms, and other items is not too great a difference. It should be said that not only does not have the reform of the conditions, do not have sufficient impetus for reform. This phase of the Chinese football and at that time, China's political and economic situation, during the cultural revolution also appeared League interrupted, stalled development. This explains much of football and sport development cannot be separated from political, economic, social and cultural conditions. At this stage, although the Chinese football still in development, but on the whole is freed from international football development trends, and world soccer's advanced level of the gap is growing. 17 reform and opening up of Chinese football, are also faced with the situation of the reform. China's economic opening the portal, developed by the information we find the knowledge of European football and the whole world football. Pont vibrant world football-Bo gave people a lot of passion and desire, also gave us a lot of things. However, many people ignore China's football outlays too much reality. Thus, many reforms on football or soccer reform of deviation from the reality of the Chinese football, some rigid ideology and opinionated ways of doing things still can be seen everywhere. Product of the two with a header, one counts as an ounce, and so on scoring, shot by shot in the head. And determine the reasons for these rules is very funny. Sphere is two minutes is because some people see China's football players heading is not good, so it is necessary to reinforce the fromthe. Such rules, in a match occurs with the ball to the ball, gate, pick up your feet, and then by point into things. This is in practice difficult to appear, but in China, the Republic's official competition. Scoring calculation rules out of the tacit agreement struck the ball better. Make a few, what score, have arranged in advance. On one occasion, two teams working together to fight into 5 flat, small, drove a team packed down. There are also international extra points because liaoningdui international, extra points, so that they can play can be won ten World Championship, the whole team of the training team's enthusiasm is not high. Thus, in addressing the problem and develop a 12-minute run such a physical fitness test, the last direct transfer to the League. The idea of chaos and disorder, just at the beginning of the reform of the Chinese football who reflect incisively was the absurd theater in the scenes. So, what black three minutes, and so on, now is not a joke. But, even so, the Chinese soccer was also not good. Shandong a gang took 3, 40 dollars wage players took the national champion in four games, liaoningdui got ya jubei champion, became King of Asia. Behind these results, is a group of very talented and gifted player, a large number of working hard for football. From the reform of the Chinese football reality, beginning to face a bumpy journey. Without system diagnosis of reform experiencesOr is not reliable. Find out where the problem is that there is nothing to remedy, this is the most basic reason. Such as incidents, joke that has its definite rationality, after all, there is reasonable. There is, however, this masks too many things that make the reason Chinese soccer reform at the outset from going astray. In 1992, the Chinese Football Association convened is referred to as the "Chinese football Zunyi Conference" Conference "red p." so that the reform of the Chinese football has entered a new phase, opened to the professional way for major reform of the reform of the Chinese football. It can be said that at this point, the timing of the reform of the Chinese football and conditions are appropriate, reform of power is also very powerful. From top to bottom, all the great enthusiasm. At that time state leaders for football is also very concerned about Li tieying comrades in a file on the written instructions: football must, this is the national people's aspirations, is a sports and football's arduous, glorious and historic task. Soccer system must be reformed. When talking about why you want to promote China's football career-oriented reform, the meeting organizer said that promoting the reform of the main reasons has two aspects: one is a professional football has swept the world football, some football powerhouse professional football has been one hundred years of history, professional football on the enhance the competitive level of prominent role has long been recognized by the football powers in the world. China football to continue to progress, popup now stagnancy of the State, you must go professional. The second is in the planned economy, China has already got football for forty years, contradictions and problems of accumulation has reached the level of non-settlement is not. Still continue past management approach may not be played any role, only to find new management mode. Professionalism is the best method for their particular methods and measures to fundamentally solve the football has long accumulation of contradictions and problems. Professional reform is not wrong. From now, there are not enough system design. At the time of the Chinese economic reform is a dual mode, the Chinese soccer reform one step is not possible. As a reform, it is necessary to have the system design ideas. Lack of preparation in reform theory, experience and institutional knowledge is inadequate, there must be constant self-perfection and correction mechanism. This kind of improvement and amendment is not an excuse to arbitrarily change, so must always emphasize that the systemic reform. Because systemic design ensures that the reform of the science, self correction and self-improvement embodies the touched stone River, this is the scientific development of the needs of the times, and was unable to go beyond. These, in the economic reform process is authenticated, you should get the reform of the Chinese football. For example, after the reform of vocational and why it is necessary to completely break the nationwide system, direct push wall into the Sea? this reform models with a "revolution" of nature, not design a transitional aspect, there is no risk of elimination of reform. If there is a risk that the progress of Chinese football, particularly the destructive force of the basis for football, is very substantial. Professional reform, many football team from the sport of jurisdiction, at least up by sport team of business and management, many places even cancelled the football team, has weakened the foot Center staff, and other configurations. Many schools are no longer set the football team, are some of the education system also traditional school football from the Football Association of organization system, no longer provides for direct Chinese football talent. This illustrates the original design of the Chinese football or some of the issues, and so on from the pace and China's economic and social reform is beating out. Therefore, the Foundation has been destroyed, the development of the Chinese football became precarious. Therefore, in China's Professional Football League made a short boom, rapid access times. Professional Football Club as a professional football management reform and nurtured, and finally became the Chinese football reform opposition. "The October revolution", what fake ball black whistle, etc., become the reform outcomes, but the overall level of football in China and the Chinese men's soccer team in the World contest on the ups and downs of results, in addition to the brilliant short 2002 and later. This explains the failure of the reform of the Chinese football. However, they cannot thus denies that the reform of the Chinese football. Reform ideas, but good after being read Askew, ways to completely go. In addition to these negative things, lose for survival, free to modify the schedule, cancel the take-off and landing-stage, and so on all the chaos, illustrates the reform of disordered and chaotic. The next reform is rectification, or pushed, have to diagnose the status quo of the Chinese football, summing up the many years of experience, out of the system design of reform.