Enclosure movement in the United Kingdom _i twist bar

Enclosure movement in the United Kingdom manuscripts: Southern Metropolis 2010-11-14, author: Hongsheng history of financial solutions for ◎ macro health Beijing scholars at present, a new "enclosure movement" is more than 20 provinces play: local government through the demolition of the village and residence, the farmers ' land reclamation, land with increased in exchange for indicators of urban land, in order to obtain the higher land, land financial income is maintained. Speaking of "enclosure movement", the most familiar is the classical theory of "every pore is dripping with blood and dirt" and "sheep eat people" movement. In fact, not only in the history of the United Kingdom have enclosure movement, China also has been. As Mongolia's plains, has a large number of farmland as rangelands occupy; after the Manchurian, encirclements to eight soldiers will do, the draft of the history of the Manor "in the circle to have clearly defined: the beginning of the" country people land to Manchu soldiers, that ' enclosure '. "Mongolia and full of enclosure, its bloody and cruel degree not inferior to the so-called" sheep ". What's more, people for the classical theory of the United Kingdom, as depicted in the history of one of the "sheep" and "enclosure movement" we've got a lot of misunderstanding. For historical understanding, actually exists in two forms: one is the real history, a history of the concept. For United Kingdom history "sheep eat people" and "enclosure movement" that is, to a large extent, the notion of history: classical theory gives people a sense that there is awareness of the "history" is in fact the classical theory of the "concept"; while the classical theory of the "ideas", is also accepted the perceptions from elsewhere, and not based on an in-depth understanding of the true history. Enclosure movement in the United Kingdom's history is a game lasted for several centuries of social movements, of which two climax: late 15th century to the early 16th century, and in the late 18th century to the early 19th century. Occurred in the late 15th century to the 16th century United Kingdom of enclosure movement, known as "sheep" movement, its concepts derived from 1516, published a book of utopia. The book is due to the nature of moral passion of literary works, rather than a rational and rigorous academic works. The book is 1515-1516, the United Kingdom were Thomas · Moore as Ambassador to the European continent during the use of leisure time when, on the circle to actual situations have not been thorough and meticulous study. In the United Kingdom had been organized at the enclosure of inquiry, the United Kingdom in the early 20th century historian of flexor weilian ( G .M. Trevelyan), according to the preserved archive material for new research, find facts and Moore's accusations are quite different. Therefore, the United Kingdom scholar Kenneth · O . K Morgan ( ennethO . M editor in Chief of the organ), Oxford United Kingdom said that the General history of enclosure movement "cultivate a group of squeezing the greed of the poor and sweat the new bourgeoisie is overstated." However, the utopia of "one of the" sheep "effect of judgments is considerable. At the same time, in the 16th century, the United Kingdom by rapid population growth and European price revolution, and other social, economic impact, many people living conditions deteriorate, causing social requirements "to get rid of excessive wealth of desire" and "eliminate and prevent evil, endless greed of the heart" and there are many recipients, enclosure movement at the opposition, including many famous Protestant theologian and priest, they condemned the enclosure is "cruel thieves" and "theft of a poor man's livelihood and life". These moral Declaration at the time had a large impact, and many of the then current published brochure, preaching sets and popular literature, and so on down, and the concept of the world after. Enclosure movement of another orgasm occurring in the late 18th century to the early 19th century. 1760-1820, the United Kingdom's population rises by 650 000 to 1 200 000. Population surge resulted in a significant increase in demand for food, coupled with France revolution, Napoleon forces swept through Europe, and France in the war, the United Kingdom imported food, therefore you must develop its agriculture, to the rapid growth of the population to provide enough food. It was against this background, the United Kingdom has undergone massive enclosure movement, as a result, the cereal yield 1760 of 4 000 tonnes to 1820 of 7 million tons. While the rapid growth in food production, mainly due to the ring after input of the land increases, effective farming methods of promotion, and other factors. This period, the United Kingdom of enclosure movement is achieved through parliamentary legislation. The process is, first of all, it is necessary to submit a petition to Parliament, request Parliament adopted Decree enclosure。 An enclosure in a region, you need to convene a meeting of all the land owner, you agree that the enclosure requires encirclements area 4/5 people who agree with the above. Petition signatures, submitted to Parliament for discussion. Adopted by the Parliament Act of enclosure, usually by the Metropolitan of feudal lords, priests and enjoy a lot of land in total minority person to organize a 3-7 enclosure of the Commission responsible for practical implementation. Dating from 1730 to the 1830 's, a total of 110 years Parliament has adopted a decree 4044 enclosure, with 1800 's to the 1810 s up to 20 years, through the Act of enclosure, from 1659 is clear, this is a war between Britain and France France revolution, led to the United Kingdom associated with the food import blocked. United Kingdom in the history of the enclosure movement, have complex economic, social background, their actual situation and the concept of the classic works with very large gap, it is difficult to simply condemned as a crime, but this does not mean that the United Kingdom of enclosure movement not blameless. For example, the United States scholar David · roberds pointed out: "the enclosure movement, on the one hand, the supply of 12 million United Kingdom people essential food; on the other hand, like many economic leap of the ordinary, as well as economic and social injustice. However, many unfair situation, not completely unavoidable. At that time, the advanced agricultural experts are advocating in the circle to a small farm in the age and the small circle, this is a sensible and workable, but Congress is ignored. " Enclosure, violence, violence against rural underlying rights also exist, these are supposed to be condemned. In this sense, including Thomas · Moore and some Protestant theologians, many persons on the enclosure movement in the injustices of moral condemnation has its positive role in the future for their community fair moral passion should be understood and respected, because it "to a certain extent enclosure movement may cause greater social evil, helps make the United Kingdom's land reform towards stable and humane direction." On the requirements of fairness and justice will never become obsolete on the weak care never should be promoted. Enclosure movement and the modernization of the United Kingdom of great countryside. United Kingdom Government policy towards the enclosure, in the 18th century previously opposed, after entering into the 18th century. 18th century previously restricted act of enclosure movement was not performed because the social and economic development of the need to promote a ring; 18 century circle got the support of the Government, as well as social and economic development. This means that prompted the United Kingdom enclosure movement of forces from the social and economic development of their own rules, not the Government forced the behavior under the directive, the Government has not for its own financial needs and to deprive the bottom right of the people. Judging the reasonableness of a policy, there are two key points: a look at the compliance with social and economic development needs, and see if it conforms to the principles of social justice. Government as a public service organization, not to their own interests while doing is contrary to the law of social, economic development, and still less can lead to destruction of social justice. China's new enclosure movement, enforce removal of village and home may not be consistent with the current Chinese rural social and economic development of the law, will displace farmers ' land gains completely the liquors, contrary to the principles of justice. Therefore, this policy if fully implemented, will most likely be to Chinese society of good order development of great danger and should be corrected as soon as possible.